<section style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;line-height: 1.75em;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"> <section data-role="paragraph" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: justify;"> <section data-mpa-template="t" mpa-from-tpl="t" style="letter-spacing: 1px;"> <section data-tools-id="95905" mpa-from-tpl="t"> <section data-role="paragraph"> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">微服务，这三个字正在席卷着目前的互联网软件行业，尤其在近几年云原生迸发后，似乎人人都对微服务有了更广泛的使用和理解，张口就是各种各样的问号，有着强大的好奇心。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">无独有偶，我有一个朋友鲤鱼在内部微服务的早期（每个业务组起步）就经常遇到下述的对话：</p> <section data-role="list"> <ol data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="padding-left: 30px;"> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">张三</span>：为什么要拆现在的代码？</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">鲤鱼</span>：因为 ！@<em style="box-sizing: inherit;">）&amp;&amp;#@</em>！）&amp;#！&amp;）@！&amp;！的原因。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">张三</span>：那即将要做的 “微服务” 是按照什么维度去拆分的服务？</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">鲤鱼</span>：常见的一般根据 ！@#*@！#&amp;！（@&amp;！@）#@ 的方式来拆分。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">张三</span>：照你这么说好像也不大对，我看每个业务组拆分的维度似乎都不大一样？</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">鲤鱼</span>：嗯，每个业务组还有自己的见解，不会完全相同。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">张三</span>：。。。所以微服务的拆分维度到底是什么？</span></p> </section></li> </ol> </section> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#ef7060" style="font-size: 16px;" data-id="86516" data-tools="135编辑器"> <section data-role="paragraph"> <p><br></p> </section> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86516" data-color="#ef7060"> <section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: auto;"> <p data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 6px;padding-left: 5px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(49, 133, 155);display: inline-block;margin-bottom: -1px;line-height: 1.1;font-size: 18px;" hm_fix="196:604"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>为什么想拆</strong></span></p> </section> </section> </section> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 1.6;"><br></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">为什么张三会有这个疑问呢，实际上是因为研发内部希望从原先的大单体，大仓库向微服务体系拆分转换，其原先大单体仓库结构，类 Monorepo：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.6907407407407408" src="/upload/229a6e21db3246367d315454474ff60d.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">但类 Monorepo 又有不少的问题，像是：</p> <section data-role="list"> <ol data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="padding-left: 30px;"> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">单个 Repo 体积过大</span>：导致 Git 无法直接拉取。当你设置完再拉取时，在网速慢时还能去泡杯咖啡，并且在开发机性能不佳的情况下，IDE 会比较卡，代码运行起来也慢。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">单个 Repo 存在公共函数/SDK</span>：在代码仓库中，必然存在公共依赖。因此在解决代码冲突时，若遗留了冲突符，且在动态语言中，不涉及便运行正常。但其实在上线后却又影响到其他业务，可真是糟糕透顶，分分钟被迫抱着事故。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">单个 Repo 模块职责/边界不清</span>：在实际的软件开发中，涉及数十个业务组同时在一个大 Repo 下进行开发，没有强控边界的情况下，往往会逐渐模糊，即使在设计时管得住自己，你也不一定能 100% 防止别人模糊你的边界。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">单个 Repo 包含了所有的源码</span>：出现公司源代码泄露时，会导致整个 Repo 外泄，相当的刺激和具有教育意义。因为虽然开放和协同了，不属于你们组的业务代码你也有权限查看了。</span></p> </section></li> </ol> </section> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">当然，Monorepo 是否又完全不可行呢？实际上国外 Google，Facebook，Twitter 等公司都有在使用 Monorepo，并取得了一定的收益。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">其实做 Monorepo 是需要相应的大量工具支撑，若单纯只是一个 Repo 塞多个模块，基本都做不好，甚至引火烧身。还不如早早拆开，至少能确保各业务线服务的相对独立性。</p> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#ef7060" style="font-size: 16px;" data-id="86516" data-tools="135编辑器"> <section data-role="paragraph"> <p><br></p> </section> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86516" data-color="#ef7060"> <section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: auto;"> <p data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 6px;padding-left: 5px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(49, 133, 155);display: inline-block;margin-bottom: -1px;line-height: 1.1;font-size: 18px;" hm_fix="196:604"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>拆成什么样</strong></span></p> </section> </section> </section> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 1.6;"><br></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">张三在明白了拆的原因后，就出现了第二个问题，那就是 “微服务” 要按照什么样的维度去拆分服务？</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">张三公司内部对于这块的知识处于模糊不清的阶段，因此需要进行深入了解，便于后续的团队共识和方法论建立，理所当然，十万个为什么也就出现了。</p> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;line-height: 1.8;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: left;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, Sathu, EucrosiaUPC, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-size: 16px;">大单体变独立服务</span></strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">最常见的拆分的方式是按照业务模块进行服务的拆解，像是前文所提到的业务模块，在设计上边界非常清晰，这种情况直接拆成各个服务就可以了：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.5472222222222223" src="/upload/a7561eb6183677d32681a0fa4d49b2e5.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">而在拆分后，又会遇到一个新的问题，也就是张三问第三个问题 “每个业务组拆分的维度似乎都不大一样？”。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">因为在实际的执行过程中，严谨一些会由 SM 与 RD 一同开会探讨/规范初版的服务划分，而在持续的快速的迭代中，往往新服务的拆分都是由一线 RD 亲自操刀。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">即使是架构师亲自操刀，在相对复杂的业务模型下，不同架构师划分出来的也有可能不完全一致，因此无论是哪种情况，你都会发现每个业务组拆分的维度多多少少都不一样了，毕竟人与人的思想都是不一样的，一千个人有一个千个哈姆雷特，因此张三的疑惑是正常的。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">就像下图，核心是定义一只鱼，在不同人的眼中能演化出各种奇奇怪怪的鱼：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.5212962962962963" src="/upload/b8e70240ceb6c00e0b00c8c831c2f7b1.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;line-height: 1.8;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: left;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, Sathu, EucrosiaUPC, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>大数据库变独立数据库</strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">在以前早期的大单体快速迭代中，往往是一个大数据库包含所有的业务数据库（甚至数据库账号都不分），这种时候就会带来各种问题。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">像是某一天，你所负责的业务模块数据库莫名其妙出现了一些奇奇怪怪的值，你可能就要抓破脑袋去各种代码和 binlog 查了。更甚还有被网络攻击后，数据库配置被获取，直接跳板一拖直接整个脱裤，那可是糟糕透顶了。</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.5416666666666666" src="/upload/ca76405743edb47490ff5e9d3c861607.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">因此在常见的应用设计中，应用程序在连接数据库时会指定连接特定的域名（例如：eddycjy-user），方便未来迁移。并且每个业务服务分别给予独立的数据库只读权限，进行软隔离。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">而在业务量上来后，也会对业务数据库进行硬隔离，分配特定的 RDS 实例，就不会互相影响了。</p> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;line-height: 1.8;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: left;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, Sathu, EucrosiaUPC, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>环境隔离，独立</strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">在服务拆分后，大多会采取独立部署的方式，将两者之间的环境隔离开来，互不干扰，互不影响：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.5416666666666666" src="/upload/4d8c402331e1761a30d193ab7729478c.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">像在云原生中，常见于在 Kubernetes 将一个业务服务作为一个 Service 部署发布，再根据实际的资源和调度情况进行 Pod 的扩缩容就可以了，资源也不会有直接干扰，且外部/内部调用都是有统一的入口管理。</p> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#ef7060" style="font-size: 16px;" data-id="86516" data-tools="135编辑器"> <section data-role="paragraph"> <p><br></p> </section> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86516" data-color="#ef7060"> <section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: auto;"> <p data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 6px;padding-left: 5px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(49, 133, 155);display: inline-block;margin-bottom: -1px;line-height: 1.1;font-size: 18px;" hm_fix="196:604"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>拆分的阵痛</strong></span></p> </section> </section> <section data-role="paragraph"> <p><br></p> </section> </section> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 1.6;"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong><span style="text-align: left;caret-color: red;">业务接口聚合</span></strong></span><br></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">在服务拆分的过程中，总是会有阵痛出现。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">例如在服务需要获取 “项目” 和 “房源” 信息时，到底是由谁来聚合这两个服务的信息。是不是应该由 BFF 来聚合：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.462037037037037" src="/upload/a897f5d5fc4125a8ecd218fa65bed9a9.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">或是应该新写一个胶水服务，用于聚合“项目” 和 “房源” 信息，保证其聚合性，减轻 BFF 的负担：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.462037037037037" src="/upload/a6fef7f3d092945b8474717919ebb038.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">又或是在量级越来越多的情况下，是不是要怀疑一下，这两个服务拆分是不是有问题，“项目” 和 “房源” 在当前业务模型下是否应是一家：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.462037037037037" src="/upload/8f275eea27e0b62352eff184d375d702.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">显然在鲤鱼的经历中，这三种类型他都见过，不同的人总会在不同的思想和业务模型下选择了不同的解决方案，还真的没有绝对准确的准则。</p> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;line-height: 1.8;margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 20px;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: left;font-family: &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, Sathu, EucrosiaUPC, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>分久必合，合久必分</strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">随着对服务化的进程推进，常见的会遇到两种情况：</p> <section data-role="list"> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="padding-left: 30px;"> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">刚接触服务化时</span>：服务一个没有，偶尔会有一个新的小业务，居然能拆出好好几个微型服务，并扬言要把剩余业务直接抄底重构了，都拆掉，怎么劝都劝不回头。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">随着业务的不断发展</span>：快速迭代，服务越来越多，工期压缩，多个 RD 交叉背好几个业务服务，有点力不从心，发现拆的好像有点问题，从最新的情况来看，某某几个服务似乎应该合在一起。</span></p> </section></li> <li> <section style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(1, 1, 1);"> <p style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 8px;line-height: 26px;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;color: black;"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;font-weight: 700;">业务阶段性稳定</span>：。。。这，以前这块好像有点问题，也太难拓展了，不应该这么拆，谁调了我，我的上下游是谁。</span></p> </section></li> </ul> </section> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">大多数的情况都是第二和第三者，但在实际操作中也不见得会合并服务，大多数 RD 会选择吞进心里，因为服务变迁所带来的工期延长和影响面无法直接预估（且存在历史代码，人员可能已经离职多年）。即使是服务拓扑也只能查看到一定时间内的服务调用，不会看到全部，因此上下游均无法 100% 确定。因此综合来看，弊大于利。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">在解决方案上，更多的是在下次新服务规划时控制划分变量（因为已经有更成熟的经验了）。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">实在不行了，才有可能会新起聚合服务将原本的多个服务聚合，又或是采取版本号等方式进行新老分流。甚至下定决心，蚂蚁搬家，起新服务一个个板块重构，一个个挪，持续灰度，“彻底” 解决历史包袱，完成转化。</p> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#ef7060" style="font-size: 16px;" data-id="86516" data-tools="135编辑器"> <section data-role="paragraph"> <p><br></p> </section> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86516" data-color="#ef7060"> <section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: auto;"> <p data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 6px;padding-left: 5px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(49, 133, 155);display: inline-block;margin-bottom: -1px;line-height: 1.1;font-size: 18px;" hm_fix="196:604"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>拆分准则</strong></span></p> </section> </section> </section> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 1.6;"><br></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">张三又发话了，你说的我都懂，内部微服务都发展好几年了，作为已经有丰富研发经验的人，能不能释出一套微服务拆分的准则呢，否则每一个人都要经历一遍，怎么办，有没有什么基本准则可以遵守呢，你看现在 DDD 那么火，能不能 DDD 一下，让核心一致呢？</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">机智的鲤鱼掐指一算，张三肯定想的是让所有业务组的拆分，都能依据拆分的核心准则走，实现你中有我，我中有你，看哪哪都有影子，核心不跑偏就行，建立一套完美的方法核心论：</p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;display: flex;margin: 10px 40px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <img data-ratio="0.5416666666666666" src="/upload/50e71d923d251734aaf82ebd28bb5d4c.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" style="box-sizing: border-box;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;vertical-align: middle;cursor: zoom-in;display: block;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">这种建议右拐 Google “微服务如何拆分”，网上有超级多的指导资料，建议先培养在团队内的共识。毕竟在每次拆服务时让每一个人都对照着那一长串的 “微服务拆分准则” 是一件很不科学的事情，更多的工程师会依据自身的经验进行当前其认为的最合理拆解。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">而准则，你认为的核心 A，在他人眼里并不一定是正确，他可能认为是 B，因此在事业部，业务团队中达成共识并把拆分思想融合进每位 RD 思想中，长期的共同分析现在的拆分情况，且让大家基本认同才是最重要的。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">同时让全公司都依据一个准则来做，在服务拆分这种无法利用工具流程强控制的情况，本身就是一个伪命题，更多的会是人与人之间的妥协，基本上会变成一个少有人看的 “指导” 文档。</p> <span style="box-sizing: inherit;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"></span> <section data-role="paragraph" data-color="#ef7060" style="font-size: 16px;" data-id="86516" data-tools="135编辑器"> <section data-role="paragraph"> <p><br></p> </section> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="86516" data-color="#ef7060"> <section style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: auto;"> <p data-brushtype="text" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 6px;padding-left: 5px;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(49, 133, 155);display: inline-block;margin-bottom: -1px;line-height: 1.1;font-size: 18px;" hm_fix="196:604"><span style="color: rgb(49, 133, 155);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Emoji Symbols Font&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><strong>总结</strong></span></p> </section> </section> </section> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="font-weight: bold;line-height: 1.6;"><br></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">在微服务中，服务的拆分总是能让人如此细细品味，本文并不是具体的讲某几个知识点，更多的是阐述在服务化发展的历程中的 “冲突点” 又或是 “矛盾点”，不同的人总有不一样的理解，希望能够给大家带来一些思考。</p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="box-sizing: inherit;margin-bottom: 20px;line-height: 26px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;">且在阅读微服务相关指南时，更建议看企业实践后拆分的经验分享，否则单纯看 “指南” 没有过多的意义，要看具体的公司/团队情况和业务模型。</p> <p style="text-align: left;box-sizing: inherit;font-size: 16px;line-height: 2em;letter-spacing: 1.5px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;, &quot;Segoe UI&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><br></p> </section> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="93529" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, 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<section style="box-sizing: border-box;font-style: normal;font-weight: 400;text-align: justify;font-size: 16px;"> <section style="display: block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;font-size: 15px;line-height: 2;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section class="mp_profile_iframe_wrp" powered-by="xiumi.us" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <mpprofile class="js_uneditable custom_select_card mp_profile_iframe" data-pluginname="mpprofile" data-id="MzIyMTUwMDMyOQ==" data-headimg="//img.xiumi.us/xmi/ua/pZrj/i/c11e39f16bf9d10a6ad57108b216b78a-sz_19101.png" data-nickname="RancherLabs" data-signature="Rancher Labs由CloudStack之父梁胜创建。旗舰产品Rancher是一个开源的企业级Kubernetes管理平台，实现了Kubernetes集群在混合云+本地数据中心的集中部署与管理。" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></mpprofile> </section> <section style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">点击上方卡片关注公众号并设为星标🌟</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 13px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box;">即可及时获取K8S干货哟</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Kubernetes jobs主要是针对短时和批量的工作负载。它是为了结束而运行的，而不是像deployment、replicasets、replication controllers和DaemonSets等其他对象那样持续运行。<br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">本文将介绍如何创建Kubernetes jobs和cronjobs，以及一些小技巧。</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">Kubernetes Jobs会一直运行到Job中指定的任务完成。也就是说，如果pods给出退出代码0，那么Job就会退出。而在正常的Kubernetes中，无论退出代码是什么，deployment对象在终止或出现错误时都会创建新的pod，以保持deployment的理想状态。</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在job运行过程中，如果托管pod的节点发生故障，Job pod将被自动重新安排到另一个节点。</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> </section> <section style="box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section> <svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"> <section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="/upload/1dbf67d102a240a6aded61e5847d0a5f.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.8814814814814815" data-w="1080"> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section> <svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 117, 168);box-sizing: border-box;">Kubernetes Jobs用例</span></p> <p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">对于Kubernetes Jobs最好的用例实践是：</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;list-style-type: decimal;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <ol class="list-paddingleft-2" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">批处理任务：</strong>比如说你想每天运行一次批处理任务，或者在指定日程中运行。它可能是像从存储库或数据库中读取文件那样，将它们分配给一个服务来处理文件。</p><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p></li> <li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">运维/ad-hoc任务：</strong>比如你想要运行一个脚本/代码，该脚本/代码会运行一个数据库清理活动，甚至备份一个Kubernetes集群。</p></li> </ol> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> </section> <section style="box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section> <svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;"> <section style="display: inline;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;width: 30%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <img src="/upload/1dbf67d102a240a6aded61e5847d0a5f.jpg" style="vertical-align: middle;max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" data-type="jpeg" data-ratio="0.8814814814814815" data-w="1080"> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 33.33%;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section style="max-width: 100%;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section style="display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box;"> <section> <svg viewbox="0 0 1 1" style="float:left;line-height:0;width:0;vertical-align:top;"></svg> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="text-align: center;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 18px;color: rgb(0, 117, 168);box-sizing: border-box;">如何创建Kubernetes Job</span></p> <p style="white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;white-space: normal;margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;max-width: 100%;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">在本例中，我们将使用Ubuntu 容器来运行一个带有for循环的shell脚本，并根据你传递给容器的参数来呼应消息。这个参数是一个数字，决定shell脚本循环应该运行多少次。</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">例如，如果你传递了参数100，那么shell脚本将呼应消息100次然后容器将会退出。</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">你可以访问以下链接查看Dockerfile和shell脚本：</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;box-sizing: border-box;">https://github.com/devopscube/Kubernetes-jobs-example/tree/master/Docker</span></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;">我们先从一个简单设置的job开始。</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 117, 168);box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Step1：</strong></span>使用自定义的Docker镜像创建一个<span style="color: rgb(0, 117, 168);background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);box-sizing: border-box;">job.yaml</span>文件，命令参数为100。100将会作为参数传递给docker ENTRYPOINT脚本。</p> <p style="margin: 0px;padding: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;"><br style="box-sizing: border-box;"></p> </section> <section style="text-align: unset;box-sizing: border-box;" powered-by="xiumi.us"> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="properties"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__attr">apiVersion</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string">batch/v1 </span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__attr">kind</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string">Job </span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__attr">metadata</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string"></span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__attr">name</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string">kubernetes-job-example </span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__attr">labels</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string"></span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__attr">jobgroup</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string">jobexample </span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__attr">spec</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string"></span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__attr">template</span>: <span class="code-snippet__string"></span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer

> 如题，MySQL获取随机的指定条目数据，SQL应该这么实现呢？ ``` SELECT * FROM wx_tuwan ORDER BY RAND(), 10 ```

<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">（给</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;line-height: 22.4px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">ImportNew</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">加星标，提高Java技能）</span></p> <blockquote> <p style="letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 14px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">转自：悟空聊架构</span></p> </blockquote> <p style="text-align: center;"><img data-ratio="0.47275031685678076" data-type="png" data-w="789" src="/upload/a0b4acafe93878d856f2b99589f7736e.png" style="text-align: left;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;word-spacing: 0.8px;margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"></span><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;letter-spacing: 0.8px;word-spacing: 0.8px;">本文主要内容</span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> <span style="color: black;background-color: rgb(255, 245, 227);letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;"></span> </figcaption> </figure> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">1 何为压力测试</span></strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">1.1&nbsp;大白话解释</span></strong></span></h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">性能压测是什么：就是考察当前软件和硬件环境下，系统所能承受的最大负荷，并帮助找出系统的瓶颈所在；</span></p> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">性能压测的目的：为了系统在线上的处理能力和稳定性维持在一个标准范围内，做到知己知彼，百战不殆。还可以发现内存泄漏、并发与同步的问题。</span></p> </section></li> </ul> <section style="text-align: left;"> <p style="text-align: left;"><br></p> </section> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">1.2 性能指标</span></strong></span></h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">RepsonseTime - RT：响应时间，用户从客户端发起一个请求开始计算，到客户端接收到服务端的响应结束，整个过程所耗费的时间；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">Hits Per Second - HPS：用户每秒点击次数，也就是每秒向后台发送的请求次数；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">QPS：系统每秒内处理查询的次数；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">MaxRT：最大响应时间，指用户发出请求到服务端返回响应的最大时间；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">MiniRT：最少响应时间，指用户发出请求到服务端返回响应的最少时间；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">90%响应时间：将所有用户的响应时间进行升序排序，取 90 % 的位置；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">性能测试关注点：</span> </section></li> <ul class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;list-style-type: square;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">吞吐量：每秒钟系统能处理的请求数、任务数；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">响应时间：服务处理一个请求或一个任务的耗时；</span> </section></li> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">错误率：一批请求中结果出过错的请求所占比例。</span> </section></li> </ul> </ul> <section style="text-align: left;"> <br> </section> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">2 Jmeter 压测工具</span></strong></span></h2> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">2.1 Jmeter 工具</span></strong></span></h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2"> <li> <section> <span style="font-size: 15px;">下载和安装 Jmeter 工具</span> </section></li> </ul> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">下载地址：</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="javascript"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">https:<span class="code-snippet__comment">//jmeter.apache.org/download_jmeter.cgi</span></span></code></pre> </section> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">我下载的版本是 apache-jmeter-5.3。</span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.7049345417925479" data-type="png" data-w="993" src="/upload/2fbfca16650f9a8929c7d90940056680.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">运行 JMeter 程序</span> </section></li> </ul> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="font-size: 15px;">打开批处理文件：\apache-jmeter-5.3\bin\jmeter.bat。如下图所示：</span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.5740740740740741" data-type="png" data-w="1080" src="/upload/552fedc245f8bea48b4f9a551d251c74.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">添加线程组，如下图所示：</span> </section></li> </ul> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.6574257425742575" data-type="png" data-w="505" src="/upload/bb9819154a769c920546a42fed0f7b6.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 505px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> 添加线程组 </figcaption> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">1s 内启动 200 个线程，循环次数 100 次。2 万个请求。如下图所示：</span> </section></li> </ul> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.9870848708487084" data-type="png" data-w="542" src="/upload/1f9aa18b8e12904eb7c4e00709627f0d.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 542px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">测试 HTTP 请求，如下图所示：</span> </section></li> </ul> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.9319213313161876" data-type="png" data-w="661" src="/upload/40ba8726f0a0331fede6a90cb1d823f5.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 661px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">配置要测试的协议、服务器地址、端口号。配置信息如下：</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="css"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">协议：使用&nbsp;<span class="code-snippet__selector-tag">http</span>&nbsp;协议。</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">服务器名称或&nbsp;<span class="code-snippet__selector-tag">IP</span>:&nbsp;<span class="code-snippet__selector-tag">www</span><span class="code-snippet__selector-class">.baidu</span><span class="code-snippet__selector-class">.com</span>&nbsp;(只是为了演示)。</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">端口号：80 端口。</span></code></pre> </section> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">如下图所示：</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.4291433146517214" data-type="png" data-w="1249" src="/upload/2209a9459f79eaa22069e3ef70d9a11f.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2"> <li> <section> <span style="font-size: 15px;">添加查看结果树、汇总报告和聚合报告。如下图所示：</span> </section></li> </ul> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.9244505494505495" data-type="png" data-w="728" src="/upload/f91d433e1a9378e34bb2dfd72c94669a.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">开始压力测试。</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><br></p> </section></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size: 15px;">点击播放按钮就开始启动了。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">注意启动之前需要先设置线程组的参数配置和 HTTP 请求的配置。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">如下图所示：</span><br></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.553409090909091" data-type="png" data-w="880" src="/upload/7b04570f0ee5016d3ac3df444168cd60.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">查看每个请求结果，如下图所示：</span> </section></li> </ul> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.8220064724919094" data-type="png" data-w="927" src="/upload/9e5b5d6475bd2f7768f180c363afec48.png" style="margin: 20px auto;border-radius: 3px;display: block;object-fit: contain;box-shadow: rgb(210, 210, 210) 0em 0em 0.5em 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">查看汇总报告。</span></p> </section></li> </ul> <p style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">主要关心平均值和吞吐量。200 个线程，每个线程调用 100 次，总共 2 万&nbsp;次，可以看到下图中表格中的样本列也是 2 万，请求所耗费的时间是 151 ms，吞吐量是 880 个请求每秒。如下图所示：</span></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.30758426966292135" data-type="png" data-w="1424" src="/upload/fedf5ec15938a2cf043bb2452ad3c7e4.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">查看聚合报告。</span> </section></li> </ul> <section style="text-align: left;"> <br> </section> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">主要看中位数和 90% 百分位，</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">中位数</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">是 59 ms，说明大部分请求的响应时间是 59 ms。</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">90 % 的请求</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">&nbsp;都是在 271 ms 以内响应完成的。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">异常 0.41%&nbsp;说明 2 万&nbsp;个请求中有 82 个请求异常（20000 * 0.0041 = 82 ）。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">吞吐量 880.2/sec 说明百度这个网站每秒能处理 880 个请求，性能一般（可能跟本地机器性能有关）。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">如下图所示：</span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.3319838056680162" data-type="png" data-w="988" src="/upload/6968b11e14cb88707422d063312d1fb3.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <ul data-tool="mdnice编辑器" class="list-paddingleft-2" style="text-align: left;"> <li style="text-align: left;"> <section style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">查看汇总图。</span> </section></li> </ul> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">查看汇总图时，需要先勾选想要查看的信息，如下图所示：</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"></figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.5723684210526315" data-type="png" data-w="1216" src="/upload/aaad18189a2b9a537bbf1952a3f52ad9.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"></figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">然后查看图形汇总：</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.37012369172216936" data-type="png" data-w="2102" src="/upload/e93c2691a3651e54ec083db1aa63f829.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"></figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">可以看到勾选的几列在图表中是用不同颜色表示的，比如绿色的柱状条就是 90 % 百分位。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">我们来测试下 PassJava（佳必过）的管理后台的性能，吞吐量接近 2000/s。如下图所示：</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.33866666666666667" data-type="png" data-w="1125" src="/upload/308ef18cbdd8a52a1bd3d83bf7908139.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"></figure> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3 性能监控之 jconsole</span></strong></span></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">jconsole 和 jvisualvm 是 Java JDK 的两个小工具，用来监控内存泄漏、跟踪垃圾回收、执行时的内存情况、对 CPU 进行分析、线程的分析。都可以通过命令行启动，而且可以监控本地和远程应用。而 jvisualvm 是升级版的 jconsole。我们先来看下 jconsole 的使用。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">首先用 cmd 命令行的方式启动 jconsole。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.1 启动 jconsole</span></strong></span></h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.6402753872633391" data-type="png" data-w="1162" src="/upload/380f08de4ff84d9811bc0410a1d2b7b0.png"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> 命令行启动 jconsole </figcaption> </figure> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></h3> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.2 选择监控哪个应用</span></strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">然后选择 passjava 项目的 question 服务。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.6926406926406926" data-type="png" data-w="693" src="/upload/31391ebd9380ff854c1cf02332c20b23.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> 选择 passjava-question 微服务 </figcaption> </figure> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">对应的就是下面这个微服务：passjava-question。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.5464362850971922" data-type="png" data-w="463" src="/upload/610179db2faf2874846b855b842e61cc.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> 对应 passjava-question 微服务 </figcaption> </figure> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.3 概览</span></strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">从监控界面上有 6 个菜单，首先看到的是概览功能，上面有堆内存使用量、线程数、类的使用情况、CPU 占用率，都是用趋势图来表示的，能很方便的看出当前性能的概览。注意：这些监控都是实时的。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.8386004514672686" data-type="png" data-w="886" src="/upload/fa47801892977b58d73666698adf9184.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> 概览 </figcaption> </figure> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.4 内存</span></strong></span></h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">下面是内存的使用情况，可以从下图中看到有个下拉框，里面可以选择不同的内存维度，然后下面的图标和柱状图也会跟着选择的维度而展示不同。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.831081081081081" data-type="png" data-w="888" src="/upload/122dfcc78acfa6009862360bb0c81958.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"></figure> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.5 线程</span></strong></span></h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">下面是线程的使用情况，可以看到线程峰值和活动线程的总数量，目前看到的峰值是59，活动线程数是 57。下半部分可以看到具体是哪些线程，以及线程的堆栈信息，非常详细。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.8386004514672686" data-type="png" data-w="886" src="/upload/2be4697fbb726a5105b0d2b31a23ea9e.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> 线程使用情况 </figcaption> </figure> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.6 类</span></strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><br></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">下面是类的加载和卸载情况，已加载类总数是 10679，而已卸载的类是 1 个，所以当前已加装当前类的总数是 10679 - 1 = 10678 个。</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.8386004514672686" data-type="png" data-w="886" src="/upload/7ecc813600e18938e68b1cd7ae2c2ca7.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> 类的加载和卸载情况 </figcaption> </figure> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.7 VM 概要</span></strong></span></h3> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">我们再来看下 VM（虚拟机）的情况。如下图所示，</span><span style="font-size: 15px;">可以看到虚拟机情况，线程、类、堆的概要信息，以及 VM 的参数，是不是很方便呀~</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;"><br></span></p> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <img data-ratio="0.8318181818181818" data-type="png" data-w="880" src="/upload/842cd5040c8b76179fb110ad235799cd.png" style="text-align: left;"> </figure> <figure data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;color: rgb(53, 53, 53);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.8px;text-align: left;word-spacing: 0.8px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 16px;overflow: hidden;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 5px;text-align: center;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;"> VM 概要 </figcaption> </figure> <h3 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">3.8 MBean 信息</span></strong></span></h3> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br></span></strong></span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;">接下来我们来看下 MBean 信息。对于 MBean，可能很多同学不知道是啥，下面做个解释：</span></p> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"><br>

<section style="color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;text-align: left;"> <img data-ratio="0.66640625" src="/upload/3685cd22093e6f5e1c597528d9ed9551.jpg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" style="width: 1255.33px;border-radius: 4px;margin-bottom: 25px;"> </section> <section style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(145, 145, 145);text-align: left;line-height: 1em;margin-top: 13px;padding-left: 14px;"> 作者 | 李立坤 </section> <section style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 15px;line-height: 27px;color: rgb(89, 89, 89);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);padding: 19px;margin-top: 40px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;"> 当项目中在使用到诸如 Elasticsearch 的中间件时，客户端对不同数据模型的 CRUD 操作存在着大量模版式的冗余代码，每次有新的业务数据需要 Elasticsearch 的管理时都会重写类似的 CRUD 逻辑，这些 CRUD 代码除了数据模型不同，通用功能的代码逻辑几乎一样。显然，在这种情况下，我们完全可以抽取出通用功能的代码，将其定义成一个模版。当接入具体的业务数据时，只需要进行模版实例化的代码书写，把因业务不同的数据模型嵌入到模版中，从而避免重复书写功能相同的代码，最终达到提高开发效率，降低开发成本的目的。 </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">在实际的项目开发中，如何解决模板式的冗余代码？</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">首先，考虑到 Java 语言以及 ElasticSerarch 在项目开发中的普及性，我选择基于 Java 语言使用 Elasticsearch 的技术场景来澄清以及解决模板式的代码冗余问题。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">其次，为了使得问题的澄清和解决更具象化，我以简单的用户信息和订单信息为例，来阐述澄清和解决问题的具体过程。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">那么，我们先定义一下简单用户信息和订单信息的数据模型：</p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 简单用户信息数据模型。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">class</span> UserInfo {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> id; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// ID</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> nickName; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 昵称</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> Integer age; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 年龄</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> introduction; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 简介</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> signature; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 签名</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code></pre> </section> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 简单订单信息数据模型。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__meta">@Data</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">class</span> OrderInfo {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> id; </span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> productId; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 产品 ID</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> Integer productNum; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 产品数据量</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> Integer status; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 订单状态</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> remark; <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 备注</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code></pre> </section> <section style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(0, 179, 139);text-align: left;line-height: 35px;margin-top: 40px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/FE4VibF0SjfOUvRY5VTGcXkXOh3freSjjwWGib7Ooupz0PZ9GibMlS5YJfWSWCIrMDKFu7cWxbafx0BpaNKm4EN5g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&quot;);background-position: left 28px;background-size: 100% 6px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"> <span style="display: block;font-size: 32px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 22px;">1</span>什么是模板式的冗余代码？ </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">接下来，我们澄清一下模版式的冗余代码问题。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">当用户信息和订单信息接受 Elasticsearch 的管理时，直接使用 Elasticsearch 客户端 API 创建索引的代码如下：</p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * ES 创建用户信息文档。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> ServiceResponse&lt;<span class="code-snippet__built_in">Boolean</span>&gt; create(UserInfo userInfo) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 参数检查逻辑。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> userInfoId = userInfo.getId();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">if</span> (StringUtils.isEmpty(userInfoId)) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> ServiceResponse.FAIL_RESPONSE;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 创建索引请求。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> IndexRequest indexRequest = <span class="code-snippet__keyword">new</span> IndexRequest(<span class="code-snippet__string">"user_info_index"</span>, <span class="code-snippet__string">"user_info_type"</span>, userInfoId);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> documentData = <span class="code-snippet__built_in">JSON</span>.toJSONString(userInfo);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> indexRequest.source(documentData, XContentType.JSON);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> indexRequest.opType(DocWriteRequest.OpType.INDEX);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 调用客户端 API。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">try</span> {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> InitESRestClient.getClient().index(indexRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> } <span class="code-snippet__keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> log.error(<span class="code-snippet__string">"error when save document：{}."</span>, <span class="code-snippet__built_in">JSON</span>.toJSONString(userInfo), e);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> ServiceResponse.FAIL_RESPONSE;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> ServiceResponse.SUCCESS_RESPONSE;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><br></span></code></pre> </section> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="typescript"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * ES 创建订单信息文档。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> ServiceResponse&lt;<span class="code-snippet__built_in">Boolean</span>&gt; create(OrderInfo orderInfo) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 参数检查逻辑。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> orderInfoId = orderInfo.getId();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">if</span> (StringUtils.isEmpty(orderInfoId)) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> ServiceResponse.FAIL_RESPONSE;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 创建索引请求。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> IndexRequest indexRequest = <span class="code-snippet__keyword">new</span> IndexRequest(<span class="code-snippet__string">"order_info_index"</span>, <span class="code-snippet__string">"order_info_type"</span>, orderInfoId);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__built_in">String</span> documentData = <span class="code-snippet__built_in">JSON</span>.toJSONString(orderInfo);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> indexRequest.source(documentData, XContentType.JSON);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> indexRequest.opType(DocWriteRequest.OpType.INDEX);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 调用客户端 API。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">try</span> {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> InitESRestClient.getClient().index(indexRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> } <span class="code-snippet__keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> log.error(<span class="code-snippet__string">"error when save document：{}."</span>, <span class="code-snippet__built_in">JSON</span>.toJSONString(orderInfo), e);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> ServiceResponse.FAIL_RESPONSE;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> ServiceResponse.SUCCESS_RESPONSE;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><br></span></code></pre> </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">为了让大家更清晰地关注到代码中的重点，这里说明一下代码上的约定：</p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">ServiceResponse 是一个通用的业务对象，用来表达业务逻辑执行成功或失败的信息；</p></li> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">InitESRestClient.getClient() 用来获取默认的 Elasticsearch 集群客户端；</p></li> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">其他未特别说明的都是标准的 Java 语言和 Elasticsearch 客户端 API。</p></li> </ol> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">从上面的代码我们可以看出，无论对于用户信息的索引创建还是订单信息的索引创建，我们无可避免地要写参数检查、创建索引请求、调用客户端 API 的相同逻辑。这些逻辑的代码看着似乎都是不一样的，但整体的逻辑都是相同的，就像是一个执行流程的模板，只是模板实例化时传递的参数不一样而已。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">从代码冗余的角度讲，我们完全没有必要，对用户信息和订单信息索引创建都写一份逻辑相似的代码，即使他们看上去并不是一摸一样。像上面这样，看上去并不是一摸一样的代码，但是存在着一样的处理逻辑，使用着相同形式的代码，我们就叫做模板式的冗余代码。</p> <section style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 20px;color: rgb(0, 179, 139);text-align: left;line-height: 35px;margin-top: 40px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/FE4VibF0SjfOUvRY5VTGcXkXOh3freSjjwWGib7Ooupz0PZ9GibMlS5YJfWSWCIrMDKFu7cWxbafx0BpaNKm4EN5g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&quot;);background-position: left 28px;background-size: 100% 6px;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"> <span style="display: block;font-size: 32px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 22px;">2</span>定义模板 </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">从用户信息与订单信息的索引创建过程中，我们发现模板式的冗余代码主要由两部分构成。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">一个是不变的部分，即对任意的数据模型，这些部分的处理都是一样的，主要有以下几点：</p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">对数据中的唯一标识做合法性检查，即通用参数的检查逻辑；</p></li> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">构建 Elasticsearch API 的 IndexRequest，即构建索引创建请求；</p></li> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">获取 Elasticsearch 的集群客户端发送索引创建请求并进行异常处理，即通用的发送请求并进行异常处理的逻辑。</p></li> </ol> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">另一个是变化的部分，这些部分都是根据不同的数据模型而变化的，主要有以下几点：</p> <ol class="list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">传入参数不同，用户信息传入的是 UserInfo，而订单信息是 OrderInfo；</p></li> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">数据配置不同，用户信息进入的 user_info_index 索引的 user_info_type，而订单信息进入的是 order_info_index 索引的 order_info_type；</p></li> <li><p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">集群选择可能不同，这里用户信息和订单信息都采用的默认的集群，但实际项目开发中可能用户信息在集群 1，订单信息在集群 2。</p></li> </ol> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">所以，我们想要避免模板式的冗余代码，那么必然要将上述变化的部分和不变的部分定义在一个模板里，这样相似的代码只会存在于模板内。然而，上述不变的部分我们可以直接定义在模板内，而变化的部分我们怎么在模板内抽象表达呢？下面我就基于 Java 语言以 Elasticsearch 索引创建的过程为例具体定义一个包含上述不变和变化部分的模板。</p> <section style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 40px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(25, 182, 215);text-align: left;"> <span style="height: 19px;display: block;background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/FE4VibF0SjfOUvRY5VTGcXkXOh3freSjj1iarYpIToT2GpZN3DZqWQMQ64gciaf6AzInsqzFOUicjia2BgDyjIJlmDw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&quot;);background-position: left top;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"></span>方法定义 </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">首先我们在模板中定义创建索引的方法，在 Java 语言中想要实现上述模板的功能，最好的语言组件自然是 Java 中的抽象类了，同时这里为了在模板中描述方法中变化的参数，即 UserInfo、OrderInfo 等数据模型，我们必然要使用到 Java 中的泛型参数在抽象类对数据模型进行抽象统一。所以我们初步定义的包含创建索引功能的抽象类就是下面这个样子了：</p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="cpp"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 模板的定义。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * DOC 泛型参数的定义是对模板中变化部分的抽象，</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 对接受 Elasticsearch 管理的数据进行统一表示。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> <span class="code-snippet__class"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">class</span> <span class="code-snippet__title">AbstractBaseESServiceImpl</span>&lt;DOC&gt; {</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 在模板中提供创建索引的功能，该功能可对任意数据模型生效。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> ServiceResponse&lt;Boolean&gt; create(DOC doc) {}</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code></pre> </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">上述代码基于 Java 中的抽象类和泛型参数对模板做了一个初步的定义，该模板暂时只包含创建索引的功能，但是具体的创建索引的方法并没有实现，为什么呢？因为我们要想实现上述创建索引的参数检查，创建索引请求，发送请求的逻辑，我们必须先知道数据模型中那些通用字段需要做参数检查，该数据要去那个索引和那个类型，该数据要进入那个集群这些信息，显然我们仅仅根据 Doc 类型的 doc 参数是无法获取这些信息的。<br></p> <section style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;margin-top: 40px;margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(25, 182, 215);text-align: left;"> <span style="height: 19px;display: block;background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/FE4VibF0SjfOUvRY5VTGcXkXOh3freSjj1iarYpIToT2GpZN3DZqWQMQ64gciaf6AzInsqzFOUicjia2BgDyjIJlmDw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&quot;);background-position: left top;background-size: 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;"></span>元数据初始化 </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">那么如何获取上述所述的信息呢？这时我们就可以利用 Java 语言强大的元语言编程能力，在对象初始化的时候，获取到泛型参数实例化后实际数据模型的元数据。当有了这些准备好的元数据后，就可以在方法运行时，根据实际参数和元数据获取到相关的信息从而完成创建索引的逻辑。所以，接下来我们要做的就是如何准备元数据可以获取到上述那些通用字段需要做参数检查，数据要进入那个索引和那个类型的信息。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">在 Java 语言中，元数据信息都是存放在 Class 类型的对象中，所以我们可以在对象初始化的时候先获取到上述 DOC 泛型参数所表示的数据模型的 Class 对象，代码如下：</p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="cs"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * DOC 数据模型的 Class 对象。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> Class&lt;DOC&gt; docClass;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 初始化元数据。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__function"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> <span class="code-snippet__title">AbstractBaseESServiceImpl</span>(<span class="code-snippet__params"></span>)</span> {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.docClass = <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.getDocClass();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 获取 DOC 数据模型的元数据。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 这里主要是获取子类泛型参数实例化后实际数据类型的 Class 对象。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__function"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> Class&lt;DOC&gt; <span class="code-snippet__title">getDocClass</span>(<span class="code-snippet__params"></span>)</span> {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> Type genericSuperclass = <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.getClass().getGenericSuperclass();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> Type docType = ((ParameterizedType) genericSuperclass).getActualTypeArguments()[<span class="code-snippet__number">0</span>];</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">if</span> (!(docType instanceof ParameterizedType)) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> (Class&lt;DOC&gt;) docType; </span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> } </span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> (Class&lt;DOC&gt;)((ParameterizedType)docType).getRawType();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code></pre> </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">上述代码都是基于 Java 语言反射机制的实现，具体 API 这里就不细说了。大概思路就是在对象初始化时，使获取到元数据，即在模板中获取到实际数据类型的元数据，为后面获取具体变化的部分信息做准备。变化部分的信息主要包括两方面，一是哪些通用字段需要做参数校验，二是数据进入哪个 Elasticsearch 索引和类型。<br></p> <section style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;white-space: normal;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;margin-top: 30px;margin-left: 8px;color: rgb(0, 179, 138);"> <span style="display: inline-block;width: 15px;height: 15px;background-image: url(&quot;https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/FE4VibF0SjfOUvRY5VTGcXkXOh3freSjj3NGrFKia2Urd7uFtKVRqCrdHmPZrPo9TK61Gvdf1DDFFVHC7Zqmc5Vw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&quot;);background-position: center center;background-size: 100% 100%;background-repeat: no-repeat;background-attachment: initial;background-origin: initial;background-clip: initial;margin-right: 10px;"></span>&nbsp;通用字段元数据的准备 </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">这里我们先解决获取通用字段元数据信息的问题，从而为通用字段的参数校验做准备。Java 语言中，我们可以通过注解，在各个组件中添加一些标记信息。自然而然地，我们可以自定义注解在实际数据模型定义中标记那些通用字段，根据该标记信息我们可以获取到需要做参数校验地通用字段的元数据信息。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">例如上述我们要求任何接受 Elastic 管理的数据都要定义唯一标识，且要求唯一标识是不为空的字符串类型。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">如何实现这个需求呢？这时候我们就可发挥 Java 中注解的强大功能了，比如我们自定义一个 DocID 的注解，该注解只能加在 Java 类的字段上，而且必须是不为空的字符串类型。</p> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">那么，我们先自定义一个 DocID 的注解，代码如下：</p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="css"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 定义 DOC 数据模型中的唯一标识字段。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 该注解用于在实际的数据模型中标记 Elasticsearch 文档的唯一标识。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">@<span class="code-snippet__keyword">Target</span>({<span class="code-snippet__selector-tag">ElementType</span><span class="code-snippet__selector-class">.FIELD</span>})</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">@<span class="code-snippet__keyword">Retention</span>(<span class="code-snippet__keyword">RetentionPolicy</span>.<span class="code-snippet__keyword">RUNTIME</span>)</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">public @interface DocID{}</span></code></pre> </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;padding-top: 23px;padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);">显然，该注解的处理逻辑必然是要在模板对象即上述抽象类对象初始化时存在，也就是说，我们要在上述抽象类初始化时，根据数据模型的元数据获取到标记了该注解的字段的元数据，从而为后面通用参数的校验做准备，这段逻辑具体的代码如下：<br></p> <section class="code-snippet__fix code-snippet__js"> <ul class="code-snippet__line-index code-snippet__js"> </ul> <pre class="code-snippet__js" data-lang="kotlin"><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 标识字段元数据，用于处理唯一标识相关逻辑，比如参数检查。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">protected</span> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">final</span> Field idField;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 初始化元数据。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">public</span> AbstractBaseESServiceImpl() {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.docClass = <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.getDocClass();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.idField = <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.getIDField();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.idField.setAccessible(<span class="code-snippet__literal">true</span>);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment">/**</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 获取文档的 ID 字段元数据。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 要求用户在使用时，必须通过自定义注解 DocID，告诉我们实际数据模型</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 哪个字段是 ID 字段，从而获取到 ID 字段的具体值，用于通用参数的逻辑检查以及和唯一标识</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> * 相关的逻辑。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__comment"> */</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"><span class="code-snippet__keyword">private</span> Field getIDField() {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> Field[] declaredFields = <span class="code-snippet__keyword">this</span>.docClass.getDeclaredFields();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> Field idField = <span class="code-snippet__literal">null</span>;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">for</span> (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> DocID docID =declaredField.getAnnotation(DocID.<span class="code-snippet__keyword">class</span>);</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">if</span> (<span class="code-snippet__literal">null</span> == docID) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">continue</span>;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> idField = declaredField;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">break</span>;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 要求数据模型中必须定义 ID 字段。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">if</span> (<span class="code-snippet__literal">null</span> == idField) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">throw</span> new DocIDUndefineException();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__comment">// 要求 ID 字段的类型为字符串。</span></span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">if</span> (idField.getType() != String.<span class="code-snippet__keyword">class</span>) {</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">throw</span> new DocIDNotStringException();</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> }</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer"> <span class="code-snippet__keyword">return</span> idField;</span></code><code><span class="code-snippet_outer">}</span></code></pre> </section> <p style="font-family: Avenir, -apple-system-font, 微软雅黑, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box;font-size: 16px;white-space: pre-line;line-height: 27px;pa

<p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 15px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, 'Songti SC', serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></span></p> <pre style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 15px;"><p style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: auto;word-spacing: 2px;"><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">点击蓝色“</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">架构文摘</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;">”关注我哟</span></p><p style="margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-size-adjust: auto;word-spacing: 2px;"><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">加个“</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 255);font-size: 14px;">星标</span><span style="font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">”，每天上午 09:25，干货推送！</span></p><p style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><img data-backh="36" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.0625" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="640" width="100%" src="/upload/8c292e55ba5a23cb6ebc11f2a2c4fece.jpg" style="font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;widows: 1;word-spacing: 2px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;"></p></pre> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">作者：java架构师阿松</span></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Helvetica Neue', 'PingFang SC', 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei UI', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(178, 178, 178);font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: left;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">原文：toutiao.com/i6869621037831717387</span></span></p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.3em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 3px;padding: 3px 10px 1px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;background: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">前言</span><span style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 36px solid rgb(239, 235, 233);border-right: 20px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">官网：</p> <blockquote data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 20px;padding: 10px 10px 10px 20px;border-left-color: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(106, 115, 125);font-size: 0.9em;max-width: 100%;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;overflow: auto;background: rgb(255, 249, 249);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 16px;color: black;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">https://baomidou.com/</p> </blockquote> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.3em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 3px;padding: 3px 10px 1px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;background: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">创建数据库</span><span style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 36px solid rgb(239, 235, 233);border-right: 20px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">数据库名为mybatis_plus</p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.3em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 3px;padding: 3px 10px 1px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;background: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">创建表</span><span style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 36px solid rgb(239, 235, 233);border-right: 20px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">创建user表</p> <pre data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55) 0px 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="padding: 15px 16px 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;font-family: 'Operator Mono', Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(39, 40, 34);border-radius: 5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">DROP</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">TABLE</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">IF</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">EXISTS</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">user</span>;<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">CREATE</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">TABLE</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">user</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">id</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">BIGINT</span>(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span>)&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NOT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NULL</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">COMMENT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'主键ID'</span>,<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">name</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">VARCHAR</span>(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">30</span>)&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NULL</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">DEFAULT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NULL</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">COMMENT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'姓名'</span>,<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">age&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">INT</span>(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">11</span>)&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NULL</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">DEFAULT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NULL</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">COMMENT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'年龄'</span>,<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">email&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">VARCHAR</span>(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">50</span>)&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NULL</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">DEFAULT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">NULL</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">COMMENT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'邮箱'</span>,<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">PRIMARY&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">KEY</span>&nbsp;(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">id</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">);<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">INSERT</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">INTO</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">user</span>&nbsp;(<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">id</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">name</span>,&nbsp;age,&nbsp;email)&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">VALUES</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'Jone'</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">18</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'test1@baomidou.com'</span>),<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'Jack'</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">20</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'test2@baomidou.com'</span>),<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'Tom'</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">28</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'test3@baomidou.com'</span>),<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'Sandy'</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">21</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'test4@baomidou.com'</span>),<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">(<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">5</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'Billie'</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">24</span>,&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">'test5@baomidou.com'</span>);<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></code></pre> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注意：-- 真实开发中往往都会有这四个字段，version（乐观锁）、deleted（逻辑删除）、gmt_create（创建时间）、gmt_modified（修改时间）</p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.3em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 3px;padding: 3px 10px 1px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;background: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">初始化项目</span><span style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 36px solid rgb(239, 235, 233);border-right: 20px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">使用SpringBoot器&nbsp;初始化！</p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.3em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 3px;padding: 3px 10px 1px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;background: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">导入依赖</span><span style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 36px solid rgb(239, 235, 233);border-right: 20px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h2> <pre data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55) 0px 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="padding: 15px 16px 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;font-family: 'Operator Mono', Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(39, 40, 34);border-radius: 5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;!--&nbsp;数据库驱动&nbsp;--&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">dependency</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">groupId</span>&gt;</span>mysql<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">groupId</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>mysql-connector-java<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">artifactId</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">dependency</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;!--&nbsp;lombok&nbsp;--&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">dependency</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">groupId</span>&gt;</span>org.projectlombok<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">groupId</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>lombok<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">artifactId</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">dependency</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;!--&nbsp;mybatis-plus&nbsp;--&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;!-- mybatis-plus 是自己开发，并非官方的！&nbsp;--&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">dependency</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">groupId</span>&gt;</span>com.baomidou<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">groupId</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">artifactId</span>&gt;</span>mybatis-plus-boot-starter<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">artifactId</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">version</span>&gt;</span>3.0.5<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">version</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&lt;/<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">dependency</span>&gt;</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></code></pre> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">注意：尽量不要同时导入 mybatis 和 mybatis-plus！避免版本的差异造成无法预知的问题。</p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.3em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 3px;padding: 3px 10px 1px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;background: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">连接数据库</span><span style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 36px solid rgb(239, 235, 233);border-right: 20px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">创建application.yml</p> <pre data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55) 0px 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="padding: 15px 16px 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;font-family: 'Operator Mono', Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(39, 40, 34);border-radius: 5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">spring:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">profiles:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">active:</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">dev</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">datasource:</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#&nbsp;驱动不同&nbsp;mysql&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">#&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mysql&nbsp;8&nbsp;&nbsp;com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver、需要增加时区的配置serverTimezone=GMT%2B8</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">url:</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis_plus?useSSL=false&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf-8&amp;serverTimezone=GMT%2B8</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">driver-class-name:</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">username:</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">root</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">password:</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(166, 226, 46);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">root</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></code></pre> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;font-weight: bold;font-size: 1.3em;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(239, 112, 96);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin-right: 3px;padding: 3px 10px 1px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;background: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-top-right-radius: 3px;border-top-left-radius: 3px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">业务代码</span><span style="max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;vertical-align: bottom;border-bottom: 36px solid rgb(239, 235, 233);border-right: 20px solid transparent;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></span></h2> <p data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="padding-top: 8px;padding-bottom: 8px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, 'PingFang SC', Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, 'Times New Roman', serif;font-size: 16px;text-align: left;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">实体类</p> <pre data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: left;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55) 0px 2px 10px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code style="padding: 15px 16px 16px;max-width: 100%;overflow-x: auto;color: rgb(221, 221, 221);display: -webkit-box;font-family: 'Operator Mono', Consolas, Monaco, Menlo, monospace;font-size: 12px;background: rgb(39, 40, 34);border-radius: 5px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">@Data</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">@AllArgsConstructor</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(117, 113, 94);line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">@NoArgsConstructor</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">public</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">class</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;font-weight: bold;color: white;line-height: 26px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">User</span>&nbsp;</span>{<br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(249, 38, 114);font-weight: bold;line-height:

<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">（给</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;line-height: 22.4px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">ImportNew</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">加星标，提高Java技能）</span></p> <p><span style="color: rgb(171, 25, 66);"><strong><span style="font-size: 15px;text-align: left;"></span></strong></span></p> <blockquote style="padding: 15px 15px 15px 1rem;border-left-width: 5px;border-left-color: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 0.9em;max-width: 100%;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;line-height: inherit;background: rgb(239, 235, 233);overflow: auto;word-break: normal;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不知道你们经历过这种问题没有，比如问你遇到过线上性能问题没有，GC频繁，CPU飙高，任务队列积压，线程池任务拒绝等等，对于看重项目经验的面试官，这种问题基本是标配，问线上问题处理的经过，问题定位，排查的思路，怎么做的业务快速止血。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一方面考察候选人项目的真实性，一般遇到线上问题大部分时候是系统主要负责人着手处理的，所以如果你处理过线上问题，也从侧面反映你的重要性。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另外还能知道面试者是不是真的从原理上掌握了问题的根本原因，对技术的热忱等。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">另外建议大家处理完线上问题，排查了原因之后不要停，把排查过程和问题原因记录下来，一方面以后遇到类似问题可以基于已有的经验快速反应，另外就是一定让自己的知识</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;color: rgb(233, 105, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">体系化</strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，怎么体系化呢? 就需要把日常的技术问题做归类总结。</span></p> </blockquote> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这篇文章主要是给大家一个参考，讲讲安琪拉在上家公司遇到的线上问题以及排查思路，你们可能会好奇为什么不讲在阿里遇到的线上问题，这个我也会讲，但是因为很多数据要脱敏（马赛克），所以暂时先讲之前的，这篇是很早之前写的了，发布在博客园上。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">铺垫太长了，下面进入正题。</p> <h3><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>问题</strong></span></h3> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一个在普通不过的周末，安琪拉在家里玩安琪拉，蹲在草丛正准备给妲己一顿暴击，手机突然收到线上告警短信，吓得我一激灵，二技能放空，被妲己一套带走，趁着复活间隙，赶紧从床上爬起来打开电脑。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">起因: &nbsp;消息队列积压了十几万消息，第一反应，什么情况。。</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.9789029535864979" data-type="png" data-w="474" title="在这里插入图片描述" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 474px !important;visibility: visible !important;" src="/upload/3d935ff8ea929e202c775dbc7bf969e4.png"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">赶紧穿衣服，对待线上问题要严肃。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如下图，“待处…” 那一列就是指队列中“待处理的”消息。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">消息积压，指的是消息的消费速度跟不上生产的速度，消息在消息队列中。</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.75" data-type="png" data-w="1280" title="img" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;" src="/upload/51b9e64e44051618fc7550ecad8f1a5c.png"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">可以看到有好几个分区已经积压了上万条消息；</p> <h3><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>问题排查</strong></span></h3> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">立即开始问题排查，遇到线上问题，一定是保证最快速度止血，降低对业务的影响，然后再是排查原因，当然有的问题也需要快速找到原因。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第一反应是不是入口流量太大，处理消息的线程池核心线程数满了，任务都在排队，但是看了入口流量并没有尖刺。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">看监控的消息消费任务耗时，如下图：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.35539437896645515" data-type="png" data-w="2206" title="img" src="/upload/362d063e0870967145689c5d8c3cce4b.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">可以看到耗时在不断增加。那就需要看处理耗时增加原因了，为什么处理任务的耗时上涨了。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">查看消息消费日志，如下：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.46770833333333334" data-type="png" data-w="1920" title="img" src="/upload/12a6314177047c49778db0bcea0b0f2f.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> img </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">发现有很多网络接口超时的。</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.1892605633802817" data-type="png" data-w="1136" title="img" src="/upload/74e6ac6f2df7c4915fc4ed55554531b1.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大致得出结论：消息处理任务依赖下游系统接口，连接下游接口超时，连接下游接口设置的超时时间不算短，为什么下游接口如此多SocketTimeOut呢？</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.49783549783549785" data-type="png" data-w="1386" title="img" src="/upload/48fa94702691ec89df2984b790e1b5d7.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">下游系统也是我负责的系统，那重点开始看下游的系统监控，发现相关的接口调用的单机耗时时间极不规律，如下图所示：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.4891696750902527" data-type="png" data-w="2216" title="img" src="/upload/ec134acf68b12e74766e9c434f5e701c.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对比一下日常这个接口的耗时时间，如下图，日常都没有超过100ms的：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.456071076011846" data-type="png" data-w="2026" title="img" src="/upload/5b3bb39bc8d5b4316bcaa73eab73a980.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">查看下游系统的监控大盘，发现了问题：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.4789473684210526" data-type="png" data-w="3040" title="img" src="/upload/896b01a0a31c98dd9c5776d3d0fec88c.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">老年代GC次数暴涨，而且gc耗时都到了秒级别，1分钟5～10秒，太恐怖了。</p> <h3><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>分析GC问题</strong></span></h3> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">找一台机器，把GC回收dump下来分析，使用mat查看，如下图所示：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.6211180124223602" data-type="png" data-w="1932" title="img" src="/upload/255456f856219ee52acac782ffad6308.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一共七百多M空间，一个对象就占了640M空间，找到原因了，有内鬼（大对象）。</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="1" data-type="png" data-w="376" title="在这里插入图片描述" src="/upload/b0a18353faf3d9c36dcb64a0e8481ccc.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 376px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">继续往下，看这个对象为什么会这么大，从GC Roots最短路径如下，MAT的使用，以及JVM相关分析，感兴趣可以微信公众号【安琪拉的博客】回复JVM，拉你进JVM交流群。</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.5945611866501854" data-type="png" data-w="1618" title="img" src="/upload/835202ad87df12bab80029898ef4f33a.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">解释下，上面主要有三列，第一列是内存对象的类，重点在2，3列，Shallow Heap指的是对象本身占据的内存大小， Retained Heap = 本身本身占据内存大小 + 当前对象可直接或间接引用到的对象的大小总和，换句话说，就是当前对象如果被回收，能够回收的内存大小。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">继续看，第一步，查看谁引用了这个对象，找到自己代码中的类，</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.2065081351689612" data-type="png" data-w="1598" title="img" src="/upload/5b595831060cf89934025c182984e5fb.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">第二步，查看这个对象TaggedMetricRegistry都引用了谁，为什么会占用这么大的内存空间，如下图所示，</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.15660184237461616" data-type="png" data-w="1954" title="img" src="/upload/d374b9781e9a0650257570ddcde6d7da.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">找到罪魁祸首了，metrics这个&nbsp;<code style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;padding: 2px 4px;max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;border-radius: 4px;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);background: rgb(248, 248, 248);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ConcurrentHashMap</code>&nbsp;占了671M内存，现在开始可以看下代码，找到 TaggedMetricRegistry继承自MetricRegistry，metrics 是MetricRegistry的成员变量，如下图：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.19327731092436976" data-type="png" data-w="952" title="img" src="/upload/35c6500c970cabe9c9912c07a2ae944a.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="1.090289608177172" data-type="png" data-w="1174" title="img" src="/upload/426c396b8395185e18b31a5ca487d715.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">那为什么这个&nbsp;<code style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;padding: 2px 4px;max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;border-radius: 4px;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);background: rgb(248, 248, 248);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ConcurrentHashMap</code>&nbsp;占了这么大的内存空间，并且GC也回收不掉呢？</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们继续看MAT，分析&nbsp;<code style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;padding: 2px 4px;max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;border-radius: 4px;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);background: rgb(248, 248, 248);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ConcurrentHashMap</code>&nbsp;占有的详细内存分布：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.6775280898876405" data-type="png" data-w="1780" title="img" src="/upload/40c046f9e4d95d6262cac6cd9cf5838a.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">发现<code style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;padding: 2px 4px;max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;border-radius: 4px;color: rgb(248, 35, 117);background: rgb(248, 248, 248);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ConcurrentHashMap</code>有几个Node节点尤其大，</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">追下去，继续</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.4703389830508475" data-type="png" data-w="1888" title="img" src="/upload/28cfd74e9845f455e528008af42ed704.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">看到这个key，对应在代码中的位置，</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.12646566164154105" data-type="png" data-w="2388" title="img" src="/upload/518cc7264256e50aff0bf37246e88810.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">你们可能好奇这段代码是干嘛的呢？</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这个代码的作用是统计接口每次的执行时间，它内部update的源码如下：</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <img data-ratio="0.623342175066313" data-type="png" data-w="1508" title="在这里插入图片描述" src="/upload/d6384d8564d4da986c7ba78e26d70c8d.png" style="margin-right: auto;margin-left: auto;font-size: inherit;color: inherit;line-height: inherit;display: block;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"> <figcaption style="margin-top: 10px;max-width: 100%;line-height: inherit;text-align: center;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);font-size: 0.7em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <br> </figcaption> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.7em;margin-bottom: 1.7em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 2px;white-space: normal;word-spacing: 2px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这个方法是统计接口的耗时、调用次数的，它内部有一个measurements 的跳跃表，存放时间戳和统计指标（耗时、调用次数）的键值对，设置的时间窗口是1分钟，也就是它会存放1分钟的统计数据在内存中，当然这里面有个采样比，不是1分钟的全量数据，可以看到采样比是COLLISION_BUFFER决定的，然后1分钟上报一次内存数据到远端。问题就出现在这，因为这个耗时统计的函数的QPS非常高，1分钟有数据频繁产生的时候，会导致在一个时间窗口（1分钟）measurements极速增长，导致内存占用快速增长，但是因为有强引用，GC的时候也不会把这个回收掉，所有才出现了上面的那个情况。</p> <p><br></p> <p style="white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><span 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<p style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;" data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io"><img class="rich_pages" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="578" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="48" data-ratio="0.10078125" data-s="300,640" src="/upload/4dbe1debe51138f467e6ce57d61bcbd7.png" data-type="png" data-w="1280" style="height: 58px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;width: 578px;"><br></p> <p style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;">总第442</span></strong><strong style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;">篇</span></strong></p> <p style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;text-align: center;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 12px;letter-spacing: 1px;">2021年 第012篇</span></strong></p> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;white-space: normal;"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;"> <section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="127" style="border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;"> <section style="margin: 60px 16px 16px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(235, 234, 225);text-align: center;border-radius: 8px;"> <section style="margin-top: -3.3em;margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;font-weight: inherit;text-decoration: inherit;font-size: 18px;color: inherit;"> <p style="margin-right: auto;margin-bottom: 15px;margin-left: auto;border-width: 2px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(235, 234, 225);width: 108px;height: 108px;border-radius: 50%;box-shadow: rgb(201, 201, 201) 0px 2px 2px 2px;background-color: rgb(254, 254, 254);"><img border="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="93" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="93" data-ratio="0.9966329966329966" src="/upload/c1f9e58a75e676cd4bee8d68e9fe8659.png" data-type="png" data-w="594" data-width="100%" opacity="" title="undefined" style="height: 103px;border-radius: 50%;color: inherit;display: inline-block;width: 103px;visibility: visible !important;"></p> </section> <section data-brushtype="text" data-style="text-align: left; font-size: 14px; color: inherit;" style="margin: 8px 15px;line-height: 1.4;"> <section style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">图数据结构，能够更好地表征现实世界。美团业务相对较复杂，存在<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 14px;">比较多的图数据存储及多跳查询需求，亟需一种组件来对千亿量级图数据进行管理</span>，<span style="color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 14px;">海量图数据的高效存储和查询是图数据库研究的核心课题</span>。本文介绍了美团在图数据库选型及平台建设方面的一些工作。</span> </section> <section style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);"></span> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> </section> <section style="padding-right: 0.5em;padding-left: 0.5em;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.6;"> <section style="line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;"> <section style="line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;"> <section style="line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;"> <section style="padding-right: 0em;padding-left: 0em;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;"> <section style="font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;"> <section data-tool="mdnice编辑器" data-website="https://www.mdnice.com" style="padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: black;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;word-break: break-word;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <section data-tool="mdnice编辑器" data-website="https://www.mdnice.com" style="font-size: 16px;color: black;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;line-height: 1.6;letter-spacing: 0px;word-break: break-word;text-align: left;font-family: Optima-Regular, Optima, PingFangSC-light, PingFangTC-light, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, Cambria, Cochin, Georgia, Times, &quot;Times New Roman&quot;, serif;"> <ul style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 25px;" class="list-paddingleft-2"> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">1 前言</span></p></li> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">2 图数据库选型</span></p></li> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">3 NebulaGraph架构</span></p></li> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">4 图数据库平台建设</span></p></li> <ul style="margin-top: 8px;margin-bottom: 8px;padding-left: 25px;list-style-type: square;" class="list-paddingleft-2"> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">4.1 高可用模块设计</span></p></li> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">4.2 每小时百亿量级数据导入模块设计</span></p></li> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">4.3 实时写入多集群数据同步模块设计</span></p></li> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12px;">4.4 图可视化模块设计</span></p></li> </ul> <li style="font-size: 12px;"><p style=

<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">（给</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;line-height: 22.4px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">ImportNew</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">加星标，提高Java技能）</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><a target="_blank" href="http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzU2MTM4NDAwMw==&amp;mid=2247488603&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=468a4f698607dac659ddb0d2b2d6c7c2&amp;chksm=fc78cb77cb0f4261434cc8b1d214b11f3b1596f935536e092f5a9e10573fd569331ca3e614d3&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" textvalue="上一篇文章中&nbsp;" data-itemshowtype="0" tab="innerlink" data-linktype="2" hasload="1" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上一篇文章中&nbsp;</strong></span></a><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">谈到了</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《吃透系列<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">》</span>的讲解思路：先找到每个技术栈最本质的东西，然后以此为出发点，逐渐延伸出其他核心知识。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以，整个系列侧重于思考力的训练，不仅仅是讲清楚 What，而是更关注 Why 和 How，以帮助大家构建出牢固的知识体系。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">回到正文，<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这是技术系列《吃</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">透 MQ》的开篇。本文主要讲解 MQ 的通用知识，让大家先弄明白：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果让你来设计一个 MQ，该如何下手？需要考虑哪些问题？又有哪些技术挑战？</span></strong></span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">有了这个基础后，我相信后面几篇文章再讲 Kafka 和 RocketMQ 这两种具体的消息中间件时，大家能很快地抓住主脉络，同时分辨出它们各自的特点。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对于 MQ 来说，不管是 RocketMQ、Kafka 还是其他消息队列，</span><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">它们的本质都是：一发一存一消费。</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">下面我们以这个本质作为根，一起由浅入深地聊聊 MQ。</span></p> <section data-tool="mdnice编辑器" data-website="https://www.mdnice.com"> <p><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>&nbsp;01 从 MQ 的本质说起&nbsp;</strong></span></p> </section> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">将 MQ 掰开了揉碎了来看，都是<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">「</span>一发一存一消费<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">」</span>，再直白点就是一个<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">「</span>转发器<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">」。</span></span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">生产者先将消息投递一个叫做<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">「</span>队列<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">」</span>的容器中，然后再从这个容器中取出消息，最后再转发给消费者，仅此而已。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.26564003849855633" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1039" src="/upload/d70305689879270351e0244e3ea6b1da.png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></p> <section style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上面这个图便是消息队列最原始的模型，</span>它</span>包含了两个关键词：消息和队列。</span> </section> <blockquote data-tool="mdnice编辑器" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 20px;padding: 8px 10px 4px 15px;border-left-width: 2px;border-left-color: rgb(239, 112, 96);color: rgb(106, 115, 125);font-size: 0.9em;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;white-space: normal;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;overflow: auto;background: rgb(255, 249, 249);letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="margin-bottom: 15px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);line-height: 30px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、消息：就是要传输的数据，可以是最简单的文本字符串，也可以是自定义的复杂格式（只要能按预定格式解析出来即可）。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(74, 74, 74);line-height: 30px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、队列：<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">大家应该再熟悉不过了</span>，是一种先进先出数据结构。它是存放消息的容器，消息从队尾入队，从队头出队，入队即发消息的过程，出队<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">即</span>收消息的过程。</span></p> </blockquote> <section data-tool="mdnice编辑器" data-website="https://www.mdnice.com"> <p><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>&nbsp;02 原始模型的进化&nbsp;</strong></span></p> </section> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">再看今天我们最常用的消息队列产品（RocketMQ、Kafka 等等），你会发现：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">它们都在最原始的消息模型上做了扩展</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，同时提出了一些新名词，比如：主题（topic）、分区（partition）、队列（queue）等等。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">要彻底理解这些五花八门的新概念，我们化繁为简，先从消息模型的演进说起（</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">道理好比：架构从来不是设计出来的，而是演进而来的</strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">）</span></p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>2.1&nbsp;队列模型</strong></span></h2> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">最初的消息队列就是上一节讲的原始模型，它是一个严格意义上的队列（Queue）。消息按照什么顺序写进去，就按照什么顺序读出来。不过，队列没有 “读<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span>&nbsp;这个操作，读就是出队，从队头中&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“</span>删除<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”</span>&nbsp;这个消息。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-ratio="0.26882661996497376" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1142" src="/upload/e52d2bc1f98c572dfdbc9ba08ccdaa9d.png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">便是队列模型</span>：它允许多个生产者往同一个队列发送消息。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">但是，如果有多个消费者，实际上是竞争的关系，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">也就是一条消息只能被其中一个消费者接收到，读完即被删除。</span></p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>2.2 发布-订阅模型</strong></span></h2> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如果需要将一份消息数据分发给多个消费者，并且每个消费者都要求收到全量的消息。很显然，队列模型无法满足这个需求。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一个可行的方案是：为每个消费者创建一个单独的队列，让生产者发送多份。这种做法比较笨，而且同一份数据会被复制多份，也很浪费空间。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">为了解决这个问题，就演化出了另外一种消息模型：发布-订阅模型。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-backh="242" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.418200408997955" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="978" src="/upload/99ef4aa6c85b447f199ad8b6a8b343ef.png" style="width: 677px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;"></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在发布-订阅模型中，存放消息的容器变成了 “主题”，订阅者在接收消息之前需要先 “订阅主题”。最终，每个订阅者都可以收到同一个主题的全量消息。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">仔细对比下它和 “队列模式” 的异同：生产者就是发布者，队列就是主题，消费者就是订阅者，无本质区别。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">唯一的不同点在于：一份消息数据是否可以被多次消费。</span></p> <h2 data-tool="mdnice编辑器"><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>2.3&nbsp;小结</strong></span></h2> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">最后做个小结，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">上面两种模型说白了就是：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">单播和广播的区别</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">。而且，当发布-订阅模型中只有 1 个订阅者时，它和队列模型<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">就</span>一样了，因此在功能上是完全兼容队列模型的。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这也解释了为什么现代主流的 RocketMQ、Kafka 都是直接基于发布-订阅模型实现的？</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">此外，RabbitMQ 中之所以有一个 Exchange 模块？其实也是为了解决消息的投递问题，可以变相实现发布-订阅模型。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">包括大家接触到的 “消费组<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">”、“集群消费”、“广播消费”&nbsp;这些概念，都和上面这两种模型相关</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，以及在应用层面</span>大家</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">最常见的情</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">形：组间广播、组内单播，</span><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">也属于此范畴。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">所以，先掌握一些共性的理论，对于大家再去学习各个消息中间件的<span style="max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">具体</span>实现原理时，其实能更好地抓住本质，分清概念。</span></p> <section data-tool="mdnice编辑器" data-website="https://www.mdnice.com"> <p><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>&nbsp;03 透过模型看&nbsp;MQ 的应用场景&nbsp;</strong></span></p> </section> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">目前，MQ 的应用场景非常多，大家能倒背如流的是：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">系统解耦、异步通信和流量削峰。</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">除此之外，还有延迟通知、最终一致性保证、顺序消息、流式处理等等。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">那到底是先有消息模型，还是先有应用场景呢？答案肯定是：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">先有应用场景（也就是先有问题），再有消息模型，因为消息模型只是解决方案的抽象而已。</span></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">MQ 经过 30 多年的发展，能从最原始的队列模型发展到今天百花齐放的各种消息中间件（平台级的解决方案），我觉得万变不离其宗，还是得益于：</span><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">消息模型的适配性很广。</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"></p> <p style="margin-top: 25px;margin-bottom: 25px;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5444px;line-height: 30px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">我们试着重新理解下消息队列的模型。它其实解决的是：生产者和消费者的通信问题。那它对比 RPC 有什么联系和区别呢？</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img class="rich_pages" data-backh="323" data-backw="578" data-ratio="0.559410234171726" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="1153" src="/upload/

<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">（给</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;line-height: 22.4px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);">ImportNew</span><span style="font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5440000295639038px;text-align: center;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(255, 41, 65);line-height: 22.4px;">加星标，提高Java技能）</span></p> <blockquote> <p><span style="font-size: 14px;">转自：大数据之路，</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 14px;">链接：my.oschina.net/leejun2005/blog/1524687</span></p> </blockquote> <p><span style="color: rgb(123, 12, 0);"><strong>背景</strong></span></p> <p style="margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 1.5em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">经常做后端服务开发的同学，或多或少都遇到过 CPU 负载特别高的问题。</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 1.5em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">尤其是在周末或大半夜，突然群里有人反馈线上机器负载特别高，不熟悉定位流程和思路的同学可能登上服务器一通手忙脚乱，定位过程百转千回。</p> <figure style="max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;text-align: center;line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-ratio="0.6666666666666666" data-type="png" data-w="936" src="/upload/7dcf3b0dedae4bd76d2fbe8b0e741474.png" style="box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;width: 677px !important;visibility: visible !important;"></p> </figure> <p style="margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 1.5em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">对此，也有不少同学曾经整理过相关流程或方法论，类似把大象放进冰箱要几步</p> <p style="margin-top: 1.5em;margin-bottom: 1.5em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">传统的方案一般是4步</strong>：</span></p> <pre style="margin-top: 0.5em;margin-bottom: 0.5em;padding: 0.4em 0.6em;max-width: 100%;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;letter-spacing: 0.544px;border-radius: 8px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: inherit;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><p style="margin-right: 2px;margin-left: 2px;padding: 0.5em;max-width: 100%;min-height: 1em;font-size: 11px;word-spacing: -3px;letter-spacing: 0px;font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace;border-radius: 0px;color: rgb(169, 183, 198);background: rgb(40, 43, 46);line-height: 2em;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: normal !important;word-break: normal !important;overflow: auto !important;display: -webkit-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;color: rgb(104, 151, 187);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1.</span>&nbsp;top&nbsp;oder&nbsp;by&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;color: rgb(204, 120, 50);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">with</span>&nbsp;P：<span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;color: rgb(104, 151, 187);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">1040</span>&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;color: rgb(128, 128, 128);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: inherit !important;word-break: inherit !important;">//&nbsp;首先按进程负载排序找到&nbsp;&nbsp;axLoad(pid)</span><br style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;col